Knowledge Center

The Knowledge Center provides access to hundreds of documents including policies,
procedures and a wealth of research on topics such as charitable gifts, expense
reimbursements, board governance, fringe benefits, and much more.
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This text is provided with the understanding that ECFA is not rendering legal, accounting, or other professional advice or service. Professional advice on specific issues should be sought from an accountant, lawyer, or other professional.
Abuse Prevention Policy Essentials: Protecting the Least of These

Abuse of children is always abhorrent and is to be closely guarded against on any level.

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Annually Certifying Racial Nondiscrimination for a Private School

A nonprofit private school, including a school operated or controlled by a church, must have a racially nondiscriminatory policy, must properly publicize the policy, and must operate in a racially nondiscriminatory manner.

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Anti-Nepotism Sample Policy

Policy on the employment of related individuals

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Anti-Sexual Harassment Sample Policy for Churches

Policy and procedures in order to prevent and handle any sexual harassment claims

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Approval for Overtime Hours

Approval for overtime hours

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Background Screening Obligations and Checklist

It is important for Christ-centered churches and nonprofits to understand their obligations under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) when becoming end users of background screening services.

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Checklist to Document Compensation for a Disqualified Person

Checklist to be used by a nonprofit to document compensation for a disqualified person to avoid future intermediate sanctions problems

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Child Protection in a Ministry Environment: Guidelines for Ministry Workers

Though certainly an instance we all hope never happens, abuse, neglect, or simple inattention to detail can occur anywhere that childcare takes place, and that includes your ministry. This guide highlights key areas with policies and procedures all designed to protect children.  Reprinted with permission of Brotherhood Mutual.®

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Church Criteria

Outlines the fourteen criteria used by the IRS to determine what qualifies as a church

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Church Employees and Severance Pay

Determining whether, when, and how severance pay may be provided to church employees who are terminated from church employment is a challenging issue. A memorandum provided to ECFA by Wagenmaker & Oberly, LLC, Attorneys at Law in Chicago, suggests that severance pay may be lawful and appropriate under certain circumstances, provided that applicable safeguards are satisfied.

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Church Lay Counseling Risk Management Guidebook

Counseling is a wonderful way to meet practical and spiritual needs in all phases of life. Beyond providing a safe place and qualified individuals, biblical counseling ministries require special consideration and planning.

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Church Tax and Finance Resources

Publications that include tax and finance information for churches

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Churches and 501(c)(3) Status

Discusses the requirements regarding 501(c)(3) status for a church

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Churches in an Election Year – Staying Legal

It is always important for church leaders to understand the federal law concerning political campaign activity—it relates to candidates for any elective office at federal, state, or local levels. But the need to understand the law is heightened in a Presidential election year.

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Closer Looks in Tough Times

Discusses the importance of reference checks when hiring new employees

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Comparison of Churches, Religious Orders, and Other Nonprofit Organizations

Outlines the key distinctions between churches, religious orders, and other nonprofit organizations

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Determining Reasonable Compensation Related to Earlier Undercompensation

Discusses a Tax Court case in which compensation paid to a company’s founder was found to be appropriate due to previous undercompensation

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Employee Confidentiality Agreement

Sample employee confidentiality agreement that may be used by nonprofits as a guideline to establish confidentiality expectations within their organization

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Employee Handbook – Sample

Sample employee handbook to modify and adapt for your organization

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Employee vs. Independent Contractor – for Churches

Outlines differences between an employee of a church and an independent contractor

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Employment Evaluation Form Resources

Lists Websites that contain sample employment evaluation forms

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Establishing Executive Compensation for your Ministry

Outlines considerations to be made by a nonprofit when establishing executive compensation

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Executive Compensation Committee Sample Charter

This sample charter includes the purpose, composition, organization, and responsibilities of the committee.

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Executive Compensation Sample Philosophy Statement

This sample document outlines an organization's philosophy of executive compensation.

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Fiscal Agent

One who acts for or in place of another based on limited financial or accounting authority from the person engaging the agent.

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Fiscal Sponsorship

Charities that have not attained 501(c)(3) status with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) sometimes ask charities that have 501(c)(3) status to process donations for them as a “fiscal agent” and provide charitable receipts for donors. While it is inappropriate for an organization to be a “fiscal agent” and simply receipt and “pass through” or act as a “conduit” for donations intended for another charity, it may be appropriate for an organization to provide administrative services for another charity. These administrative services are sometimes referred to as “fiscal sponsorship.”

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FLSA Requirements Regarding Enterprise Coverage for Churches

In the context of reviewing the impact of the FLSA changes for our church, if we do not appear to meet the requirements for enterprise coverage, does that mean we do not need to comply with FLSA requirements?

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Four Common IRS Church Audit Issues

Church tax audits can be frightening, more so now than ever, with the prevailing climate with IRS tightening its controls on nonprofits. Attorney Courtney Jones shares four key IRS audit issues and how to manage them.

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Fraud and Whistleblower Protection for Churches

Discusses the whistleblower protection provision contained in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and its applicability to churches as well as general misconduct, dishonesty, and fraud prevention

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Housing Allowance and Commissioning of School Employees

Discusses IRS ruling on school employees and their eligibility for a housing allowance

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Housing Allowance for Retired Pastors

Outlines the IRS’s position on housing allowance for retired pastors

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Housing Allowance Worksheets

Worksheets that may be used by ministries to officially designate the housing allowance

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Housing for Your Pastor: Parsonage or Housing Allowance?

Should your congregation provide a parsonage to your clergy or provide the funds so the minister can buy or rent his or her housing? This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of this important issue.

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Integrity and Compliance with the Law

Demonstrating integrity is important for churches because, over time, doing so establishes and reinforces necessary trust with church members as well as those outside the church whom we are called to reach with the Gospel.

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Intellectual Property for Religious Organizations Guidebook

Intellectual Property for Religious Organizations Guidebook and Forms 2015 Edition by The Church Law Group.

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Intermediate Sanctions

Under the Intermediate Sanction rules, the IRS can penalize nonprofit insiders. The sanctions are considered "intermediate" because they penalize the individuals involved without taking away an organization's tax-exempt status.

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IRS Forms for Exempt Organizations

List of IRS forms created for tax-exempt organizations

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Joint Venture Policy (Abbreviated Version)

Organizations should consider adopting a joint venture policy if the organization has entered into or is considering entering into a joint venture agreement. See an abbreviated version of a joint venture policy.

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Leased Employees

Discusses issues relating to nonprofits utilizing leased employee arrangements and the related housing allowance implications

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Legal Risk Evaluation Tool

The Legal Exposure Evaluation Tool will help you more clearly understand your church’s current risk profile.

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Loans with Below-Market Interest Rates

Outlines the appropriate tax treatment of loans with below-market interest rates

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Mandated Reporting Not limited to Child Abuse

Better protect the people in your ministry with a thorough understanding of mandated reporting. Reprinted with permission of Brotherhood Mutual.®

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Maternity Leave Policy

Establishing a proper maternity leave policy may require compliance with certain federal laws and various other considerations.

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May employees covered under the FLSA donate or volunteer time for their employer?

Ask ECFA Question from ChurchPulse - May employees covered under the FLSA donate or volunteer time for their employer?

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Military Leave Policy

Federal law protects members of the uniformed services from certain workplace uncertainties.

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Minister's Compensation Worksheet

In too many churches, salaries are not clearly reported in contrast with fringe benefits and expense.

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Ministers and Social Security Tax

Outlines the applicability of social security tax to ministers

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Ministers Opting Out of Social Security

Ministers may opt out of social security in rare situations. Unfortunately, this option is often promoted as a way for any minister to get out of paying into the social security system. This document clarifies these issues.

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Pastoral Ordination, Licensure, or Commissioning Procedure

Outlines the proper steps for a ministry to follow when ordaining, licensing, or commissioning an individual for gospel ministry

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Personnel Files

Guidelines for maintaining quality personnel files

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Photo Use Agreement

When it comes to sharing photos, ensure your ministry is doing it right. Use this simple form as a starting point for your ministry’s photo use policy. 

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Qualifications for Ministerial Tax Status

Discusses the qualifications an individual must attain to be granted ministerial tax status

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Reasonable Compensation

Outlines the Internal Revenue Code’s criteria for reasonable compensation

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Reimbursing Interview Expenses

Reimbursing job candidates for interview-related expenses is commonplace. Understanding the tax implications of these reimbursements is important.

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Religious Discrimination in Hiring

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers with 15 or more employees from discriminating against employees or job applicants on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

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Religious Order Characteristics

Outlines the IRS guidelines for determining if an organization qualifies as a religious order

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Social Media Policy

Social media is a great way for ministries to engage with their current audience and reach the community. A social media presence is common and helpful today, and this guide will help your ministry navigate the many intricacies of existing online.  Reprinted with permission of Brotherhood Mutual.®

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State Unemployment Compensation and Religious Organizations

Outlines state unemployment compensation and its application for religious organizations

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Strategies for Structuring Ministerial Compensation

How clergy compensation is structured often has a significant effect on how a congregation stewards its resources. The same total compensation dollars expended by a congregation can result in more or less dollars in the pocket of clergy depending on proper structuring.

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Tax Publications for Exempt Organizations

List of IRS publications relevant to tax-exempt organizations

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The New Big Book of Checklists: Risk Management Checklists for Ministries

Be proactive about risks in a practical way by identifying, planning for, and reducing risks associated with ministry. These checklists and worksheets are a great place to start or simply review and update your current plan.  Reprinted with permission of Brotherhood Mutual.®

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Transparency Required under ECFA’s Standards in Addition to Disclosures Required by Federal Law

Federal law requires charities to disclose Forms 1023, 990, 990-T and 5227 when requests are made in person or in writing. However, ECFA’s Standard 5 goes beyond Federal regulation.

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Tuition Reporting Requirements

Outlines the information reporting requirements for colleges and universities for qualified tuition payments

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Unrelated Business Income

Provides an overview of unrelated business income and a series of questions designed to help your organization determine if you have any unrelated business income

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Use of Email and Internet Services Sample Policy

This policy outlines permissible email and Internet use for church and nonprofit staff.

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What Is a Nonprofit?

Discusses the characteristics of a nonprofit

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White Paper: Registered Sex Offenders in Ministry Activities

Including sex offenders in ministry activities and protecting others at the same time requires proactive attention as well as appropriate policies and procedures. Refer to this guide to navigate this process and find solutions right for your ministry. Reprinted with permission of Brotherhood Mutual.®

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Why Congress Adopted The Church Audit Procedures Act And What Must Be Done Now To Restore The Law For Churches And The IRS

This article by Michael Martin, ECFA's director of member services and legal counsel, explains the history behind the Church Audit Procedures Act of 1984 and provides recommendations for improving the law for churches and the IRS thirty years after its adoption.

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Work Made for Hire

Outlines the copyright law regarding work made for hire by employees of a nonprofit organization

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